Research and Consultation
A key ingredient to building an effective website is the amount of research a web site developer must put into understanding your business, your market and how specific visitors will interact with your website.
In many cases, allowances should be made so that a developer can spend more time, effort and sometimes money, performing consultation and research functions before proceeding onto design functions.
In some cases, an outside research agency should work with the web designer and the business to help create an effective website.

Research and consultation services may add extra costs to a website but a well researched, effective website will end up saving and/or making money by eliminating the need to redesign a poorly thought out, under-performing website or by turning visitors into clients.